The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is the most widely used standardized test of fluency in English in the world. It was originally developed in the 1960s to ensure English proficiency for non-native English speakers wishing to study at U.S. universities. It has become an admission requirement for non-native English speakers at many U.S. universities and is now used by more than 8,500 colleges, universities and agencies in 130 countries, including the U.S., U.K., Canada and Australia.
While colleges and universities make up the majority of institutions that use the TOEFL, it is also used by medical and licensing organizations for professional certification purposes and by immigration departments for the issuance of residential and work visas. In Australia the TOEFL can be used to meet the language requirement for student visas. In the UK it can be used to show English proficiency for tier 1, 2 and 4 visas.
Since its beginning, more than 27 million people from around the world have taken the TOEFL. The test is administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS).
TOEFL IBT AND PBT
There are two versions of the TOEFL. The TOEFL iBT is an Internet-based test, and the TOEFL PBT is a paper-based test. The TOEFL iBT was first introduced in 2005, and is now used by most test takers. Test centers that do not have Internet access administer the TOEFL PBT. The paper-based test is being phased out. Currently, 96 percent of test takers take the TOEFL iBT and that number is continuing to grow.
The TOEFL iBT measures the ability to read, write, listen and speak in English. The paper-based test measures reading, writing and listening, but does not measure speaking. Previously, there was a computer-based version of the test (CBT) but that version was replaced by the TOEFL iBT and eliminated in 2006. TOEFL CBT scores are no longer valid.
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IELTS is the International English Language Testing System, the world’s most popular English language proficiency test for higher education and global migration.
IELTS was one of the pioneers of four skills English language testing over 21 years ago, and continues to set the standard for English language testing today.
Over 9,000 organizations around the world trust and recognize IELTS as a secure, valid and reliable indicator of true-to-life ability to communicate in English for education, immigration and professional accreditation.
More than 2 million IELTS tests were taken in the last year and IELTS examination services are provided through more than 800 test centers and locations in over 140 countries.
IELTS is jointly owned by British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia and Cambridge English Language Assessment. For more information visit the IELTS Partner website www.ielts.org.
The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) is the most widely used standardized test for admission to college in the U.S. It was taken nearly 3 million times last year. The SAT measures reading, writing and math skills necessary for academic success in college. The most common time for high school students to take the test for the first time is spring of their junior year of high school. The SAT is a paper-based test and it is offered seven times a year in the US and six times a year internationally.
The SAT is owned and developed by The College Board, a non-profit organization representing more than 6,000 colleges, universities and schools. It was formerly developed by Educational Testing Service, which still administers the test. The test was first introduced in 1926, and was previously called the Scholastic Aptitude Test.
The test is intended to serve as a standardized measure of college readiness and to provide a national perspective to local high school GPAs and class rank. All US colleges accept the SAT and most require that incoming students take either the SAT or its rival the ACT as part of the application process. Various studies have shown that when SAT scores are combined with high school GPA there is a correlation with the level of success in the first year of college.
There are also SAT Subject Tests that high school students can take to demonstrate their proficiency in certain subject areas. These tests are separate from the SAT and are generally not required for college admission. Students may elect to take one or many SAT Subject Tests to send colleges extra evidence of their mastery of certain subjects. In some cases, SAT Subject Tests can be used to fulfill basic subject area requirements or earn credit for introductory level courses. There are 20 subject tests offered in five subject areas: English, history, languages, math and science.
The SAT runs three hours and 45 minutes. There are three main subject areas of the SAT: Critical Reading, Math and Writing. The test is divided into 10 sections – there are three sections for each subject area, and one “experimental” section that could be in any of the three subjects.
The test begins with a 25-minute Writing section, which involves writing one essay. The last section of the test is always a 10-minute Writing section that contains only one type of multiple-choice question called “Improving Sentences.” The eight sections in between the first and last section can appear in any order. They include: two 25-minute Math sections; two 25-minute Critical Reading sections; one 25-minute Writing section; one 25-minute experimental section, which could be Math, Writing or Critical Reading; one 20-minute Math section; and one 20-minute Critical Reading section.
The SAT is scored on a scale of 600 to 2400. Each subject area (Math, Writing and Critical Reading) is scored on a scale of 200 to 800. The three subject area scores are added together to get the total score. Essay is optional in New SAT.
The three SAT subject areas are:
The questions in the three Critical Reading sections include Reading Comprehension questions and Sentence Completion questions. Both of these types of questions are used to test reading comprehension skills and vocabulary.
The three Math sections test algebra, geometry, arithmetic, data analysis, statistics and probability.
The writing section of the SAT is made up of one essay section and two sections focusing on grammar. The 25-minute essay question is always the first section of the test. A 10-minute Improving Sentences section is always the last section of the test. Somewhere in between there is a 25-minute section that includes three types of multiple-choice questions: Identifying Sentence Errors, Improving Sentences and Improving Paragraphs.